Which term describes the process of converting carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates in plants?

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Photosynthesis is the process through which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates in the presence of sunlight. During this process, chlorophyll, the green pigment in plants, captures light energy, which is then used to drive the chemical reactions that combine carbon dioxide (obtained from the air) with water (taken up from the soil) to create glucose and oxygen. The overall reaction can be summarized by the equation:

[ \text{6 CO}_2 + \text{6 H}_2\text{O} + \text{light energy} \rightarrow \text{C}6\text{H}{12}\text{O}_6 + \text{6 O}_2 ]

This process is fundamental to life on Earth, as it is the primary means by which energy from the sun is captured and converted into a form that can be used by living organisms, initiating the food chain.

The other terms, such as fermentation, carbon fixation, and respiration, refer to different biological processes. Fermentation is primarily an anaerobic process that breaks down carbohydrates into alcohol or acids, carbon fixation is specifically the initial step of incorporating carbon dioxide into organic compounds during the broader photosynthetic process, and respiration

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