What is the name for a diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter within each trophic level in a food chain or food web?

The diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter within each trophic level in a food chain or food web is called an ecological pyramid. This pyramid can represent various aspects such as energy (energy pyramid), biomass (biomass pyramid), or the number of organisms (pyramid of numbers) at each level. It visually depicts how energy decreases as it moves up the food chain, highlighting the inefficiencies in energy transfer between trophic levels, which typically transfers only about 10% of energy from one level to the next.

In contrast, a food web represents all the interconnected food chains in an ecosystem, illustrating the various feeding relationships but not specifically focusing on energy or matter quantities in each level. A biogeochemical cycle describes the movement of elements and compounds between living organisms and the environment, which is different from the energy distribution in trophic levels. A climate graph is used to display temperature and precipitation data over time, serving a different purpose entirely. Therefore, the ecological pyramid is the most suitable term for the diagram that you are describing.